What process involves determining the percentage of sand, silt, and clay in a soil sample?

The correct answer is the process known as particle size analysis. This method specifically focuses on separating and measuring the different sizes of particles in a soil sample, which includes sand, silt, and clay. By determining the relative percentages of these components, one can understand several important characteristics of the soil, such as its drainage capacity, nutrient retention, and suitability for different crops.

Particle size analysis typically employs techniques such as sieving for sand and sedimentation for silt and clay, allowing for a more precise classification of soil. Understanding the proportions of these components is essential for various agricultural practices, soil management, and environmental assessments.

Other options, while related to soil characteristics, do not specifically address the quantitative measurement of particle sizes. Soil classification refers to grouping soils based on specific characteristics or criteria, but it does not detail the exact percentages of particle sizes. Soil texture assessment does evaluate the same components but is generally more qualitative. Soil composition study usually focuses on the chemical and mineralogical makeup rather than directly quantifying particle sizes. Thus, particle size analysis is the definitive process for determining the specific percentages of sand, silt, and clay in a given soil sample.