What is the definition of a heifer?

A heifer is defined as a female bovine that has not yet given birth to a calf. This classification is important in livestock management and breeding because it indicates the younger female cattle that are in the developmental stages of becoming productive members of the herd. Heifers are typically raised until they reach maturity, at which point they may give birth to their first calf, after which they would be referred to as cows. Understanding this distinction is crucial for those involved in agriculture and animal husbandry, as it affects breeding decisions, management practices, and understanding the life stages of cattle.

The other options provided pertain to different classifications of livestock and animals, which clarifies the unique definition of a heifer. For instance, a female bovine that has given birth (the first option) is called a cow, not a heifer. A male bovine typically refers to a bull or steer, and the mention of male deer or antelope does not pertain to the classification of bovines at all.