What is the common name for a female sheep?

The common name for a female sheep is indeed "ewe." This term specifically refers to adult female sheep and is widely used in agricultural contexts to distinguish them from males, which are referred to as rams, and young sheep, known as lambs. Understanding this terminology is essential for those involved in farming, animal husbandry, or veterinary practices related to sheep, as it helps in accurately communicating about the animals.

The other terms listed have distinct meanings in the context of livestock. A doe refers to a female goat, a heifer denotes a young female cow that has not yet had a calf, and a filly is a young female horse. These terms are often confused but are specific to their respective species, making "ewe" the correct and precise term for a female sheep.